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Notas final de capítulo

Prólogo

1. www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hundreds-of-jobs-lost-in-universal-mega-merger-19990122

Capítulo 1

1. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 63).

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. variety.com/2013/biz/news/edgar-bronfman-sr-billionaire-head-of-former-mca-owner-seagram-co-dead-at-84-1200987175/

5. (GOODMAN, F., Fortune’s Fool: Edgar Bronfman Jr, Warner Music and an Industry in Crisis, 2010: 32).

6. Ibid.: 93.

7. Ibid.: 94.

8. www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jan/21/edgar-bronfman-jr-vivendi

9. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/797146.stm

10. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records,2012: 81).

11. Ibid.: 79.

12. www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2000.pdf

13. En términos comparables, esta cifra debería ser en realidad de 14.000 millones de dólares, ya que la IFPI empezó a añadir los ingresos por sincronización a sus cifras en 2010, en parte para que la disminución mundial pareciera menos amargo.

14. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/pmextra/jan00/10/aolmain.htm

15. fortune.com/ 2015/ 01/10/15-years-later-lessons-from-the-failed-aol-time- Warner -merger/

16. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 100).

17. Music Week, 26/02/00: 11.

18. www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/05/citynews2

19. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 124).

20. www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/23/gender.uk1

21. www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/nancy-berry-she-enjoys-the-rocknroll-lifestyle-the-trouble-is-she-works-in-rocknroll-9167174.html

22. Ibid.

23. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 75).

24. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1777172.stm

25. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 136).

26. Ibid.

27. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2737736/EMI-chucks-Berry-as-Levy-wins-record-pay.html

28. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 126).

29. Ibid.: 127.

30. Ibid.: 133.

31. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/2792706/EMI-parts-company-with-Jean-Francois-Cecillon.html

32. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 157).

33. edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/11/06/sony.bmg.reut/

34. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 158).

35. Ibid.

36. www.theguardian.com/media/2003/nov/24/citynews.business

37. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 145).

38. Ibid.: 68.

39. Ibid.: 91.

40. Ibid.: 96.

41. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4242293.stm

42. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 68).

43. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 143).

44. www.theguardian.com/music/2015/sep/03/heavenly-records-at-25-saint-etienne-beth-orton

45. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984966.stm

46. Ibid.

47. Ibid.

48. www.theguardian.com/business/2004/mar/31/money

49. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4225256.stm

50. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 179).

51. www.reuters.com/article/idUSL1781138320070718

Capítulo 2

1. Music Week, 04/02/06: 19.

2. Music Week, 01/04/06: 2.

3. Music Week, 15/04/06: 4.

4. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2938217/Bronfman-could-profit-to-the-tune-of-500m-plus.html

5. www.forbes.com/2006/05/03/emi- Warner -music-cx_po_0503autofacescan01.html#351937fae70e

6. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 181).

7. Music Week, 08/07/06: 3.

8. Music Week, 16/09/06: 6.

9. www.crunchbase.com/organization/permira/acquisitions/acquisitions_list#section-acquisitions

10. www.cnbc.com/id/20421309

11. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8379299/John-Gildersleeve-is-a-City-big-beast-still-driven-to-make-an-idea-succeed.html

12. nypost.com/2002/11/27/bmg-gets-fleeced-shells-out-2-74b-for-zomba- without-calder/

13. www.cnbc.com/id/16218216

14. www.theguardian.com/business/2006/dec/14/citynews.money

15. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 192).

16. www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jun/18/executivesalaries.executivepay

17. Music Week, 03/03/07: 1.

18. www.nytimes.com/2007/06/03/arts/music/03kozi.html

19. www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/comment/article-5160809/BIG-SHOT-WEEK-Terra-Firma-boss-Guy-Hands.html

20. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8067367/EMIs-Guy-Hands-Citigroups-David-Wormsley-and-the-fight-for-Dizzee-plc.html

21. www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/21/artnews.art

Capítulo 3

1. Music Week, 02/06/07: 1.

2. www.terrafirma.com/communications/news/terra-firma/news-article/items/terra-firma-buys-tank-rast.html

3. www.terrafirma.com/communications/news/terra-firma/news-article/items/terra-firma-
announces-acquisition-of-odeon.html

4. www.ft.com/content/9d353ae8-4820-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab

5. Music Week, 02/06/07: 2.

6. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8186922.stm

7. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6926032.stm

8. Music Week, 11/08/07: 1.

9. Ibid.

10. www.theguardian.com/business/2007/aug/30/executivepay.musicnews

11. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6968276.stm

12. Clasper, antiguo director de BAA y miembro del consejo de ITV, fue nombrado miembro del consejo de EMI a principios de noviembre con el propósito de explotar plenamente la propiedad intelectual de EMI. www.theguardian.com/business/2007/nov/05/media

13. www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/john-birt-the-devil-and-the-bbc-1336511.html

14. www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/terra-firma-holding-emi-150250

Capítulo 4

1. EMI Music Publishingacababa de mudarse de su sede de Charing Cross Road a mediados de septiembre de 2007 para instalarse en Wrights Lane, un traslado que, según EMI, se había confirmado antes de queTerra Firma comprara la empresa debido a la renovación prevista del edificio y a importantes obras de construcción en la zona.

2. Music Week, 29/09/07: 1 y 3.

3. www.theguardian.com/business/2002/mar/21/2

4. Si no conoces esta canción de la poco celebrada obra de The Macc Lads, el hecho de que rimen binge (juerga) con minge (palabra vulgar para denominar a la vulva) y luego hagan “chistes” deprimentemente gráficos sobre la mecánica de la zoofilia debería darte una indicación de cómo es.

5. Music Week, 29/09/07: 3.

6. Ibid.: 1.

7. www.theguardian.com/business/2008/jan/18/privateequity.musicnews

Capítulo 5

1. content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1666973,00.html

2. www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/oct/03/arts.artsnews

3. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 148–9).

4. www.theguardian.com/music/2016/feb/11/no-surprises-how-unexpected-album-drops-became-the-norm

5. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 84).

6. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8561963.stm

7. www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/04/pink-floyd-emi-single-digital-downloads

8. www.theguardian.com/business/2007/dec/02/businessandmedia5

9. uk.reuters.com/article/uk-radiohead/radiohead-frontman-takes-aim-at-emi-idUKN0160443520080101

10. uk.reuters.com/article/uk-radiohead/radiohead-frontman-takes-aim-at-emi-idUKN0160443520080101

11. The Word, Nro. 64 (junio 2008): 98.

12. edition.cnn.com/2013/05/09/tech/mobile/ringtones-phones-decline/index.html

Capítulo 6

1. Music Week, 10/11/07: 2.

2. Ibid.

3. www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/hes-a-multimillionaire-himself-but-emis-new-boss-threatens-to-axe-stars-398771.html

4. www.theguardian.com/music/2015/sep/03/heavenly-records-at-25-saint-etienne-beth-orton

5. www.trendhunter.com/trends/kylie-minogue-facebook-app-kylie-robotics

6. www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/27/emi_report/

7. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2820466/Bringing-EMI-down-to-earth.html

8. www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/money-to-burn-how-emis-profligate-bosses-filled-a-house-with-20000-worth-of-candles-761062.html

9. www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jan/09/digitalmedia.ventureproduction

10. www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2008/jan/16/emiconfirmsbarneywraggisl

11. El catálogo de la banda hasta 1971 estaba controlado por Decca, parte de Universal Music Group.

12. www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/exile-on-main-street-becomes-stones-first-no-1-album-in-16-years-1981115.html

Capítulo 7

1. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/01/the-rise-and-fall-of-myspace/69444/

2. web.archive.org/web/20060819183610/internet.seekingalpha.com/article/15237

3. www.pcworld.com/article/166794/Facebook_Overtakes_MySpace_in_US.html

4. news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6034577.stm

5. www.futuristgerd.com/2005/01/08/music-like-wate-4/

6. www.nytimes.com/2007/05/31/business/media/31radios.html

7. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tees/7057812.stm

8. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/emi-poaches-head-of-island-records-nick-gatfield-from-universal-music-810409.html

9. Music Week, 26/04/08: 2.

10. Music Week, 12/04/08: 15.

Capítulo 8

1. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 241).

2. variety.com/2008/music/markets-festivals/emi-selling-china-business-to-co-1117990087/

3. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/emi-shares-dip-as-brazil-fraud-uncovered-421649.html

4. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/publishing/1319527/emi-music-publishing-moves-offices

5. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/publishing/1319527/emi-music-publishing-moves-offices

6. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 243).

7. archive.fortune.com/2008/07/07/technology/leonardemi.fortune/index.htm?section=money_latest

8. Music Week, 26/07/08: 4.

Capítulo 9

1. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2792820/EMI-names-Reckitt-executive-Leoni-Sceti-as-head-of-recorded-music-division.html

2. Music Week, 15/11/08: 1.

3. Ibid.: 15.

4. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1378339.stm

5. variety.com/2010/biz/news/queen-leave-emi-for-universal-music-group-1118027132/

6. Aspinall falleció en marzo del año siguiente.

7. En marzo de 2010, la ministra de Cultura, Margaret Hodge, le aconsejó a English Heritage que Abbey Road fuera declarada monumento histórico.

8. Perry, cuyo nombre de nacimiento es Katy Hudson, empezó como cantante cristiana y fue descartada tanto por Island Def Jam Music Group (parte de Universal Music Group) como por Columbia Records (parte de Sony Music) antes de que la fichara Capitol Records (parte de EMI) en abril de 2007.

9. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 252).

10. www.olympiccinema.co.uk/history

11. www.standard.co.uk/news/london/site-of-historic-olympic-studios-saved-for-the-community-8760516.html

12. www.theresident.co.uk/food-drink-london/restaurants-bars-london/barnes-olympic-studio-reopens-cinema/

Capítulo 10

1. Music Week, 31/01/09: 2.

2. Ibid.: 3.

3. www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/emi-music-appoints-bauer-media-marketer-andria-vidler-president/900517

4. Music Week, 02/05/09: 2.

5. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1270895/emi-music-earnings-triple-to-246-million

6. Music Week, 25/07/09: 7.

Capítulo 11

1. www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2008/jan/16/emiconfirmsbarneywraggisl

2. www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/02/digitalmedia.googlethemedia

3. Music Week, 12/04/08: 6.

4. www.ifpi.org/content/library/digital-music-report-2006.pdf

5. www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/501082?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

6. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1321840/bpi-investigates-honeywell-file-sharing-claims

7. futureofmusic.org/press/press-releases/report-finds-musicians-and-artists-use-internet-advance-their-work-connect-dire

8. Se ha escrito muchísimo sobre estos temas y argumentos, pero este autor recomienda de todo corazón tres libros que, en conjunto, ofrecen la historia completa de todos los vericuetos de este asunto: All the Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning’s Napster de Joseph Menn (2003); Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age de Steve Knopper (2009) y How Music Got Free: The End of an Industry, the Turn of the Century, and the Patient Zero of Privacy de Stephen Witt (2015).

9. www.pcworld.com/article/144771/article.html

10. money.cnn.com/2000/10/31/bizbuzz/napster/

11. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1994544.stm

12. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2786573.stm

13. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1350776/bertelsmann-pays-umg-60m-in-napster-settlement

14. www.reuters.com/article/industry-bertelsmann-emi-napster-dc/emi-and-bertelsmann-settle-napster-litigation-idUSN2639765320070326

15. www.reuters.com/article/industry- Warner music-bertelsmann-dc/ Warner -music-settles-with-bertelsmann-on-napster-idUSWNAS7367720070424

16. www.eff.org/cases/capitol-v-thomas

17. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4718249.stm

18. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8337887.stm

19. news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6034577.stm

20. www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/emi-taps-second-life-founder-113440

Capítulo 12

1. Music Week, 21/11/09: 6.

2. La EMAP pasó a formar parte de Bauer cuando la empresa alemana de medios de comunicación adquirió sus divisiones de revistas y radio por 1,14 billones de libras en 2007.

3. www.bbc.co.uk/news/10144577

4. Music Week, 22/05/10: 2.

5. Ibid.: 3.

6. www.rollingstone.com/music/news/paul-mccartney-reissues-solo-catalog-with-indie-label-concord-20100421

7. Music Week, 20/03/10: 1.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

Capítulo 13

1. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 276).

2. Ibid.: 268.

3. Music Week, 10/04/10: 3.

4. Music Week, 01/05/10: 5.

5. Music Week, 15/05/10: 5.

6. Music Week, 22/05/10: 2.

7. Music Week, 29/05/10: 5.

8. Music Week, 12/06/10: 5.

9. Music Week, 19/06/10: 5.

10. Music Week, 28/08/10: 1.

11. Ibid.: 4.

12. Ibid.: 1.

13.Hace falta mencionar que las discográficas y las editoras tienen modelos de negocio completamente diferentes y, en ese momento, las discográficas pagaban por las editoras, lo que suponía cientos de miles de libras en números rojos antes de que nada pudiera salir a la venta. Los responsables de los sellos discográficos de EMI creían desde hacía tiempo que ellos eran los que asumían los riesgos en la empresa y sus colegas de la editora se limitaban a sentarse y cobrar los derechos de autor. Por supuesto, esto es una simplificación excesiva, pero era cierto que los sellos estaban asumiendo gran parte de la inversión inicial en nuevos talentos y el riesgo asociado a introducirlos al mercado.

14. Music Week, 18.09.10: 1.

15. Music Week, 25.09.10: 16–17.

16. Music Week, 09.10.10: 4.

17. La larga disputa sobre marcas entre Apple Corps y Apple Inc.se remonta a 1978 y no se resolvió definitivamente hasta 2007, cuandoApple Inc. se hizo con todas las marcas relacionadas con Apple, pero aceptó devolverle a Apple Corps la licencia para ciertos usos del nombre.

18. www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11763650

19. Ibid.

Capítulo 14

1. www.terrafirma.com/portfolio/current-investments/investment/emi-case-study.html

2. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 245).

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.: 239.

5. La cita era en realidad: «Mientras suene la música, hay que levantarse y bailar. Seguimos bailando». www.ft.com/content/5917b73c-28cc- 11e6-8b18-91555f2f4fde

6. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 246).

7. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/privateequity/3255399/EMI-report-reveals-757m-loss-when-Terra-Firma-took-over.html

8. www.ft.com/content/49193c44-6f0a-11de-9109-00144feabdc0

9. www.theguardian.com/business/2009/dec/13/terra-firma-emi-debt-crisis

10. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 265).

11. www.theguardian.com/business/2009/dec/13/terra-firma-sues-citigroup-over-emi

12. Music Week, 13/02/10: 1.

13. Ibid.

14. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 268).

15. www.theguardian.com/business/2010/may/12/emi-guy-hands-comment

16. Music Week, 05/06/10: 5.

17. Music Week, 13/02/10: 1.

18. Music Week, 20/02/10: 3.

19. www.managementtoday.co.uk/mt-interview-elio-leoni-sceti-emi-music/article/985298

Capítulo 15

1. www.theguardian.com/business/2010/sep/07/citigroup-emi-deal-terra-firma

2. www.reuters.com/article/us-citigroup/citigroup-sued-by-terra-firma-over-emi-deal-idUSTRE5BA4J620091212

3. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/6805127/EMI-sues-Citigroup-for-2bn-over-fraud-and-lies.html

4. www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/jed-rakoff

5. www.ft.com/content/5917b73c-28cc-11e6-8b18-91555f2f4fde

6. Ibid.

7. www.linkedin.com/in/denelle-dixon-967a236/

8. Término empresarial que hace referencia a los límites que se establecen en una empresa para evitar la filtración de información que pueda dar lugar a conflictos de intereses.

9. Music Week, 23/10/10: 2.

10. www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/13/citigroup-emi

11. Ibid.

12. (SOUTHALL, Brian, The Rise & Fall of EMI Records, 2012: 285).

13. Ibid.: 285–92.

14. www.paulweiss.com/professionals/partners-and-counsel/theodore-v-wells-jr

15. www.reuters.com/article/us-citigroup-parmalat/u-s-jury-awards-citi-364-2-million-in-parmalat-case-idUSTRE49J78Y20081020

16. www.reuters.com/article/uk-terrafirma-citigroup/citi-banker-cant-remember-key-calls-in-emi-case-idUKTRE69P4LX20101027

17. www.theguardian.com/business/2010/nov/04/guy-hands-loses-emi-fraud-case

18. Music Week, 13/11/10: 4.

19. www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jan/12/guy-hands-terra-firma-challenge-citigroup-emi

20. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hands-lives-to-fight-another-day-in-court-after-terra-firma-wins-appeal-on-emi-deal-8640409.html

21. www.fnlondon.com/articles/citigroup-terra-firma-emi-group-legal-battle-moves-to-london-20140408

Capítulo 16

1. Music Week, 25/12/10: 2.

2. Music Week, 27/11/10: 5.

3. Music Week, 25/12/10: 2.

4. uk.reuters.com/article/emi-prepack/ifr-emis-pre-pack-bombshell-makes-waves-idUKN0429587820110205

5. www.theguardian.com/media/2011/feb/07/emi-roger-faxon-email

6. Music Week, 15/01/11: 5.

7. Music Week, 12/02/11: 6.

8. Music Week, 19/03/11: 3.

9. articles.latimes.com/2011/may/07/business/la-fi-ct- Warner -blavatnik-20110507

10. www.theguardian.com/business/2011/jun/20/citigroup-lines-up-emi-sale

11. www.theguardian.com/business/2011/nov/11/emi-sold-to-universal-and-sony

12. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1160872/impala-says-it-expects-emi-universal-deal-to-be-blocked-outright

13. Se trata de EMI Francia (incluido el catálogo de David Guetta), España, Portugal, Bélgica, Dinamarca, Suecia, Noruega, Polonia y República Checa. Mientras tanto, Universal tendría que vender su operación en Grecia.

14. www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/21/universal-emi-takeover-approved

15. Ibid.

16. www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19672277

17. Ibid.

18. Bélgica, República Checa, Dinamarca, Francia, Noruega, Portugal, España, Eslovaquia y Suecia.

19. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1538515/ Warner -music-group-acquires-parlophone

20. Ibid.

21. www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1549326/ Warner -music-working-with-impala-merlin-to-sell-parlophone-assets

22. www.universalmusic.com/labels/

Epílogo

1. www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/06/07/citigroup-misled-guy-hands-terra-firma-into-buying-struggling-em/

2. Ibid.